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Stainless wire woven, welded or knitted into a mesh with regular openings, used to sieve, filter, separate, protect and decorate. Woven wire cloth is specified by mesh count or aperture and wire diameter to ISO 9044 or ASTM E2016; the openings range from several centimetres down to a few micrometres.
Woven wire cloth is made on a loom from drawn stainless wire: warp wires run along the roll and weft (shute) wires across it. In a plain weave each wire passes over and under the next; a twill weave passes over and under two, allowing heavier wire for a given opening; Dutch weaves use thick warp and fine, tightly packed weft wires to give very fine, strong filter cloth whose 'opening' is a rated filtration size rather than a square hole.
Square-mesh cloth is described by mesh count — the number of openings per linear inch — and wire diameter. The aperture follows from them: aperture (mm) = 25.4 ÷ mesh − wire diameter. A 100 mesh cloth with 0.10 mm wire has an aperture of 0.254 − 0.10 = 0.154 mm, and an open area of (0.154 ÷ 0.254)², about 37%. Because the same mesh count can be woven with different wires, a cloth must always be ordered by both numbers, or by aperture and wire as ISO 9044 and ISO 4783 do.
Welded wire mesh joins straight wires at every crossing by resistance welding; it is rigid, has larger openings and is used for guards, cages, partitions, shelving and some fencing. Crimped (pre-crimped) wire screens with heavy wire are used in quarry and mining screens. Knitted mesh — a flattened stocking of fine wire — is packed into demister pads that remove droplets from gas streams in refineries, desalination evaporators and chemical plant.
Stainless is chosen because it does not rust, keeps its strength when hot and is acceptable in contact with food and drinking water. In the GCC, stainless mesh is used in water intake screens and filters at desalination plants, in oil and gas separators and demisters, in food processing, and as insect screens and architectural mesh on buildings; most is imported from China, India and Europe and cut to size by regional stockists.
Wire cloth is ordered by weave, mesh count or aperture, wire diameter, grade, roll width and length. For fine filtration cloth, state the absolute or nominal filtration rating instead of the mesh.
| Region | Standard | What it covers |
|---|---|---|
| International | ISO 9044 ISO |
Industrial woven wire cloth — technical requirements and tests (aperture and wire tolerances) |
| International | ISO 4783 ISO |
Industrial wire screens and woven wire cloth — guide to the choice of aperture size and wire diameter combinations |
| International | ISO 3310-1 ISO |
Test sieves — technical requirements and testing — test sieves of metal wire cloth |
| International | ISO 14315 ISO |
Industrial wire screens — technical requirements and testing (welded and crimped screens) |
| USA | ASTM E2016 ASTM |
Industrial woven wire cloth — specification for mesh, wire and tolerances |
| USA | ASTM E11 ASTM |
Woven wire test sieve cloth and test sieves |
| USA | ASTM A580/A580M ASTM |
Stainless steel wire — the wire from which mesh is woven |
Grade equivalents and the standards bodies: Steel grades & standards
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