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Bright bars are hot-rolled bars finished cold — by drawing, peeling or grinding — to a close size tolerance, a straight length and a clean, bright surface. They are the raw material for shafts, pins, bolts and turned parts, machined on lathes and automatic bar feeders with little or no stock removal.
A bright bar starts as a hot-rolled bar — rough, scaled and to a loose tolerance — and is finished cold. In cold drawing the descaled bar is pulled through a die, which reduces it slightly, sizes it accurately, work-hardens it and leaves a smooth surface; it is the cheapest route and is used for most rounds below about 80 mm and for hexagons, squares and flats. In peeling (turning), a rotating cutting head removes the outer layer, taking away the decarburised skin and any surface defects, which suits larger rounds and parts that will be hardened. Grinding, usually centreless, brings a drawn or peeled bar to the tightest tolerances and finest finish for shafting and hydraulic rods.
Bars are then straightened and often polished, and are supplied to an ISO tolerance class — h9 to h11 for drawn bar, h10 to h11 for peeled, h6 to h9 for ground. The letter h means the bar may be undersize but never oversize, so a part can be machined from it to a known finished size. The tolerance table gives the limits for each class and size.
Steel choice depends on the job. Plain carbon C45 (the British EN8 type, SAE 1045) is the general shafting steel; mild steel bright bar (SAE 1018, S235JRC) is used for light pins and fabrication; free-cutting steels with added sulphur and sometimes lead (11SMnPb30, 12L14) machine fastest on automatic lathes; and alloy steels such as 42CrMo4 or 20MnCr5 are supplied bright for parts that will be hardened.
In the GCC, bright bar is bought by engineering workshops, oilfield service and machine shops, pump and valve makers and maintenance departments, mostly from regional stockists who import from India, China, Europe and Turkey and cut to length.
Bright bar is ordered by shape and size, finish route, tolerance class, grade and length. Mass per metre for rounds, hexagons and squares is in the bright bar mass table.
Full dimensions: Bright bar tolerances: ISO 286 h6 to h13 · Bright bar mass per metre: rounds, hexagons and squares
| Region | Standard | What it covers |
|---|---|---|
| International | EN ISO 683-7 ISO |
Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels — bright steel products (replaced EN 10277) |
| Europe | EN 10277 CEN-CENELEC replaced by EN ISO 683-7 |
Bright steel products — technical delivery conditions (2018 single-part edition, earlier parts 1 to 5) |
| Europe | EN 10278 CEN-CENELEC |
Dimensions and tolerances of bright steel products of stainless and other special steels |
| International | ISO 286-1 / -2 ISO |
Geometrical product specifications — ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes (h6…h13) |
| USA | ASTM A108 ASTM |
Steel bar, carbon and alloy, cold-finished |
| USA | ASTM A29/A29M ASTM |
General requirements for hot-wrought steel bars, carbon and alloy — the feedstock for cold finishing |
| UK | BS 970-3 BSI replaced by EN ISO 683-7 |
Bright bars for general engineering purposes |
| Japan | JIS G3123 JSA |
Cold finished carbon and alloy steel bars |
| India | IS 9550 BIS |
Bright steel bars |
Grade equivalents and the standards bodies: Steel grades & standards
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