Stainless steel · Other products

Stainless steel welding consumables

Covered electrodes, bare wire and rods, flux-cored wire and strip used to weld stainless and duplex steels and to join them to carbon steel. They are classified by AWS A5.4, A5.9 and A5.22 in the USA and ISO 3581, ISO 14343 and ISO 17633 internationally, and are chosen so the weld metal matches or over-alloys the base metal.

Also called
  • Stainless electrodes
  • E308L-16
  • E316L-16
  • E309L
  • ER308LSi
  • ER316LSi
  • ER2209
  • TIG filler rod
  • MIG wire
  • Flux-cored wire
  • SAW wire
  • Strip cladding
  • AR مواد لحام الفولاذ المقاوم للصدأ
  • ZH 不锈钢焊接材料(焊条、焊丝)
  • DE Schweißzusätze für nichtrostende Stähle
  • FR Produits d'apport pour le soudage des aciers inoxydables
  • ES Consumibles de soldadura para acero inoxidable
  • IT Materiali d'apporto per la saldatura dell'acciaio inox
  • TR Paslanmaz çelik kaynak sarf malzemeleri
  • RU Сварочные материалы для нержавеющей стали

Overview

Stainless steel is welded with filler metal of matching or slightly richer composition, so that the weld keeps the corrosion resistance and strength of the plate. The filler is made from drawn stainless wire: covered electrodes add a flux coating that shields the arc and adjusts the weld chemistry, while solid wire and rods rely on shielding gas (argon, argon-CO2 or argon-helium mixtures) and flux-cored wire carries flux inside a stainless sheath.

Filler choice follows a few rules. A low-carbon 'L' filler (308L for 304L, 316L for 316L) avoids carbide precipitation and intergranular corrosion. Austenitic fillers are designed to deposit a little ferrite — typically 3–10 FN — which prevents hot cracking. Joining stainless to carbon steel needs an over-alloyed filler such as 309L so the diluted weld stays austenitic. Duplex 2205 is welded with 2209, which carries extra nickel to keep the ferrite–austenite balance in the as-welded deposit, and super duplex with 2594.

The AWS designation reads like a sentence: E for electrode, then the alloy (308L), then a two-digit suffix for the coating — -15 basic for DC, -16 rutile for AC or DC, -17 rutile with more silica for a smoother bead. ER marks a bare wire or rod, and 'Si' a higher-silicon wire that wets better in MIG. ISO 14343 uses either the composition-based system (for example 'G 19 9 L Si') or the AWS-style system ('S 308LSi').

In the GCC stainless welding consumables go into desalination plant, oil and gas facilities, water tanks, dairy and food equipment and architectural work. Procedures are qualified to ASME Section IX or ISO 15614-1, and consumables are bought from international brands through regional distributors. Hot, humid storage is a real problem in the summer: electrodes pick up moisture, which causes porosity, so they are kept in sealed packs or heated quivers and re-dried to the maker's instructions.

Forms & sizes

Consumables are ordered by classification, diameter and package — for example 'AWS A5.4 E316L-16, 3.2 mm, vacuum pack' or 'AWS A5.9 ER2209, 1.2 mm, 15 kg spool'. The welding procedure (WPS) names the filler, so the classification must match it exactly.

Covered electrodes
2.0, 2.5, 3.2, 4.0 and 5.0 mm; 300 or 350 mm long; in cardboard, tin or vacuum-sealed packs
TIG rods
1.0–3.2 mm in 1 m lengths, stamped with the classification at each end
MIG solid wire
0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.6 mm on 5, 12.5 or 15 kg spools, and in 200–250 kg drums for robots
Flux-cored wire
1.0–1.6 mm; all-position rutile types (T1) and flat-position types (T0); argon-CO2 shielded
SAW wire and flux
2.4–4.0 mm wire on coils, with a matching basic flux for thick plate and pipe
Strip
Electroslag or submerged-arc strip, for example 60 × 0.5 mm, for overlay cladding of vessels and heads

Standards & grades

Filler metals are classified by AWS and ISO; the welding procedure itself is qualified separately to ASME Section IX or ISO 15614-1.

RegionStandardWhat it covers
USA AWS A5.4/A5.4M
AWS
Stainless steel electrodes for shielded metal arc welding — E308L-16, E316L-16, E309L-16, E2209-16 and others
USA AWS A5.9/A5.9M
AWS
Welding consumables — wire electrodes, strip electrodes, wires and rods for arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels
USA AWS A5.22/A5.22M
AWS
Stainless steel flux cored and metal cored welding electrodes and rods
International ISO 3581
ISO
Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels — classification
International ISO 14343
ISO
Wire electrodes, strip electrodes, wires and rods for arc welding of stainless and heat resisting steels — classification
International ISO 17633
ISO
Tubular cored electrodes and rods for gas shielded and non-gas shielded metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels
USA ASME BPVC Section II Part C
ASME
The ASME edition of the AWS filler metal specifications (SFA-5.4, SFA-5.9, SFA-5.22) used for code welding
Japan JIS Z3221
JSA
Covered electrodes for stainless steel
Japan JIS Z3321
JSA
Stainless steel welding rods and solid wires
China GB/T 983
SAC
Stainless steel covered electrodes

Common grades

308L (E308L-16, ER308LSi)
For 304 and 304L; the most used stainless filler
316L (E316L-16, ER316LSi)
For 316 and 316L, with 2–3% molybdenum
309L (E309L-16, ER309LSi)
Over-alloyed for joining stainless to carbon steel and for the first layer of overlay cladding
347 (E347-16, ER347)
Niobium-stabilised, for 321 and 347 in high-temperature service
2209 (E2209-16, ER2209)
For duplex 2205, with extra nickel to balance ferrite and austenite
2594 (ER2594)
For super duplex 2507 and similar grades
312 (E312-16)
High-ferrite filler for difficult or unknown steels and repair work

Grade equivalents and the standards bodies: Steel grades & standards

Buying tips

What to specify

  • The exact classification named in the welding procedure (E316L-16 is not a substitute for E316L-15).
  • Diameter, length or spool size and packaging — vacuum-sealed packs avoid re-drying on site.
  • Batch or heat certificates to EN 10204 3.1 (or AWS A5.01 schedule) with chemistry and ferrite number of the deposit.
  • For code work: ASME SFA marking, and the client's approved brand list.
  • For duplex: the ferrite range the procedure requires and impact test temperature if specified.
  • Storage conditions at the warehouse and on site, and the maker's re-drying temperature and time.

Quality checks

  • Check the classification printed on each electrode or rod and on the pack against the order and the WPS.
  • Inspect packs for damage and moisture; reject rusty wire and electrodes with cracked or swollen coating.
  • Verify heat or batch numbers against the certificate, and the ferrite number where specified.
  • Keep stainless consumables segregated from carbon steel ones in the store to avoid mix-ups.
  • Run a test weld when changing batch on critical work, and check bead appearance and ferrite with a ferrite meter.

Companies

Who sells 23

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ACTIS FURIO SRL Italy Fabrication · Other Steel Users · Cornaredo
Silver
Sells Perforated, Expanded Metal, Welding Wire-Electrodes, Welding Wire - Electrodes +1
Buys —
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AF
AL FARWANIA SCRAP TRD. LLC United Arab Emirates Steel Mills - Agents & Traders · Stockist - Distributor · Sharjah
Silver
Sells Alloy steel, Angles, Beams & Sections, Scrap +7
Buys Alloy steel, Angles, Beams & Sections, Scrap +8
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DM
DITH MENA DMCC United Arab Emirates Steel Mills - Agents & Traders · Dubai
Silver
Sells Cold Rolled, Alloy steel, Billets & Blooms, Angles +8
Buys Cold Rolled, Slabs, Billets-Blooms, Stainless HR Coils +8
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PRINT PACK LABELS LLC United Arab Emirates Equipment & Software · Umm Al Quwain
Silver
Sells Welding Wire-Electrodes, Tags - Labels
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SK NETWORKS CO. LTD DUBAI BRANCH United Arab Emirates Steel Mills - Agents & Traders · Dubai
Silver
Sells Billets & Blooms, Cold Rolled, Aluzinc-Galvalume, Hot Rolled Plates +8
Buys Billets & Blooms, Cold Rolled, Aluzinc-Galvalume, Hot Rolled Plates +8
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AO
AL-OTHAMAN INDUSTRAIL MARKETING CO. - IMCO Saudi Arabia Steel Mills - Agents & Traders · Dahran
Brief
Sells Cold Rolled, Stainless HR Coils, Hot Rolled, Perforated +8
Buys Cold Rolled, Stainless HR Coils, Fasteners, Hot Rolled +8
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Who buys 39

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AF
AL FARWANIA SCRAP TRD. LLC United Arab Emirates Steel Mills - Agents & Traders · Stockist - Distributor · Sharjah
Silver
Sells Alloy steel, Angles, Beams & Sections, Scrap +7
Buys Alloy steel, Angles, Beams & Sections, Scrap +8
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FLOWLINE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING United Arab Emirates Fabrication · Other Steel Users · Ajman
Silver
Sells —
Buys Cold Rolled, Stainless HR Coils, Angles, Hot Rolled +8
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HIDADA Saudi Arabia Fabrication · Design - Engineering · Jeddah
Silver
Sells Gratings
Buys Dished Heads, Alloy steel, Stainless HR Coils, Hot Rolled +8
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SK NETWORKS CO. LTD DUBAI BRANCH United Arab Emirates Steel Mills - Agents & Traders · Dubai
Silver
Sells Billets & Blooms, Cold Rolled, Hot Rolled Plates, Aluzinc-Galvalume +8
Buys Billets & Blooms, Cold Rolled, Hot Rolled Plates, Aluzinc-Galvalume +8
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US
UNITED STEEL INDUSTRIAL COMPANY Kuwait Local Steel Mills · Kuwait
Silver
Sells Billets & Blooms, Reinforcing Bars
Buys Chemicals for descaling and pickling, Ferro alloys, Gases, Paints-Coatings +8
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NH
Nations Holding Oman Local Steel Mills · masgat
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Buys Billets-Blooms, Cold Rolled, Slabs, Dished Heads +8
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