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Short pieces of steel, usually cold-drawn wire 25–60 mm long with hooked or crimped ends, mixed into fresh concrete so that it carries load after it cracks. Steel fibre reinforced concrete replaces mesh or light rebar in industrial floors, tunnel linings, shotcrete and precast elements.
Plain concrete cracks and loses all its tensile capacity at once. Steel fibres spread through the mix bridge the cracks as they open and keep carrying load — the property called residual flexural strength, which is what a designer specifies and a test beam measures. Fibres do not stop concrete cracking; they control crack widths and give the material ductility.
Most fibres are cut from cold-drawn low- or high-carbon wire, with hooked ends that anchor them in the concrete and pull out slowly under load. Others are cut from sheet, made by melt extraction, shaved from wire or milled from steel blocks. A fibre is described by its length, diameter and aspect ratio (length ÷ diameter); a higher aspect ratio gives more performance per kilogram but is harder to mix, which is why long fibres are delivered glued into bundles that separate in the mixer.
Typical dosages are about 15–40 kg of fibre per cubic metre of concrete for floors and 25–50 kg/m³ for shotcrete and tunnel segments. Fibres save the labour and time of placing mesh, allow joint-free or large-bay floors, and make sprayed tunnel linings practical.
In the GCC the main markets are warehouse and logistics floors, metro and utility tunnels — fibre-reinforced shotcrete and precast segments — and precast elements. Fibres are imported from Europe and Asia and also made in the region by wire producers; projects usually specify fibres CE-marked to EN 14889-1 or conforming to ASTM A820, with performance verified by beam tests to EN 14651 or ASTM C1609.
| Region | Standard | What it covers |
|---|---|---|
| Europe | EN 14889-1 CEN-CENELEC |
Fibres for concrete — steel fibres: definitions, specifications and conformity (groups I–V by manufacturing method) |
| Europe | EN 14651 CEN-CENELEC |
Test method for metallic fibre concrete — flexural tensile strength (limit of proportionality, residual) |
| International | ISO 13270 ISO |
Steel fibres for concrete — definitions and specifications |
| USA | ASTM A820/A820M ASTM |
Steel fibers for fiber-reinforced concrete — types I to V |
| USA | ASTM C1609/C1609M ASTM |
Flexural performance of fiber-reinforced concrete — beam with third-point loading |
| USA | ASTM C1116/C1116M ASTM |
Fiber-reinforced concrete — specification |
Grade equivalents and the standards bodies: Steel grades & standards
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