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Used and offcut stainless steel collected, sorted by grade and sold to stainless melt shops, where it supplies most of the chromium and nickel in new stainless. Its price follows the alloy content — above all nickel, and molybdenum for 316 — so careful grade sorting and analysis decide its value.
Stainless steel is one of the most recycled materials in the world: new stainless is typically made with a large share of scrap, melted in an electric arc furnace with ferro-alloys and refined in an AOD converter. Scrap comes in two streams — new (prompt) scrap from fabrication, such as sheet offcuts, pipe ends and machining turnings, and old scrap from dismantled plant, equipment, vehicles and consumer goods.
Value follows alloy content. 304, also traded as 18-8, carries about 18% chromium and 8–10.5% nickel; 316 adds 2–3% molybdenum and more nickel, so it is worth more; 400-series ferritic and martensitic scrap (409, 430, 410) has chromium but little or no nickel and sells at a large discount; 200-series scrap is low in nickel and high in manganese and is unwelcome at many 300-series mills. Scrap prices are therefore quoted against nickel prices, and a few per cent of nickel either way changes the deal.
Sorting is everything. A magnet separates the austenitic 300 series (non-magnetic when annealed) from the magnetic 400 series, and handheld XRF or spark-OES analysers confirm the grade and catch 200-series material and molybdenum-bearing 316. Solids sell above turnings, which carry oil, swarf and oxide and must be clean, dry and free of carbon steel and non-ferrous contamination. In the US trade, 18-8 stainless solids and clips are often specified to the ISRI code word 'Sabot', with minimum chromium and nickel limits; ISRI — now the Recycled Materials Association — publishes the circular that defines these grades.
The GCC generates stainless scrap from oil and gas, petrochemical, desalination, food and construction activity, and from fabrication shops. With little stainless melting in the region, most is collected and graded by local scrap yards and exported, chiefly to stainless producers and traders in India and East Asia, in containers of sorted solids and turnings. Radiation screening of scrap at the yard and the port is standard practice.
Scrap is sold by grade, form and preparation, with an agreed basis for analysis: the buyer's spectrometer reading, an independent surveyor, or the seller's XRF on loading.
Scrap is traded on industry grade definitions and the buyer's own specification rather than on national standards.
| Region | Standard | What it covers |
|---|---|---|
| USA | ISRI Scrap Specifications Circular | Industry guidelines for ferrous and non-ferrous scrap grades, including stainless steel solids and turnings code words such as Sabot (18-8 solids and clips) |
| International | ISO 15510 ISO |
Stainless steels — chemical composition; the grade limits scrap analysis is compared against |
Grade equivalents and the standards bodies: Steel grades & standards
Local Steel Mills · Coil Service Center · Stockist - Distributor · Ras Alkhaima
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