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Factory-made building panels with two skins of pre-painted steel bonded to an insulating core of polyisocyanurate (PIR), polyurethane (PUR), mineral wool or expanded polystyrene. One panel forms the wall or roof, its insulation and its finish, so sandwich panels are the usual envelope for warehouses, factories, cold stores and clean rooms in the Gulf.
Most metal-faced sandwich panels are made on continuous lines: two coils of pre-painted steel are profiled, the liquid PUR or PIR chemicals are foamed between them and cure into a rigid core bonded to both skins, and the panel is cut to length. Mineral wool panels are made by bonding lamellas of rock wool between the skins with adhesive. The skins carry the bending loads and the core carries shear, so a lightweight panel spans several metres between purlins or girts.
The core sets the panel's behaviour. PUR and PIR give the best insulation for the thickness (thermal conductivity about 0.020–0.024 W/mK), so they dominate cold stores and air-conditioned buildings; PIR has better fire behaviour than PUR. Mineral wool is non-combustible and is used where fire performance is required — fire walls, high-risk buildings — at the cost of greater thickness and weight for the same insulation. EPS is cheap and light but combustible and is increasingly restricted.
Fire safety of building envelopes has become a major regulatory issue since a series of façade fires. In the UAE, the Fire and Life Safety Code issued by Civil Defence sets requirements for external wall materials, and Saudi Arabia applies the Saudi Building Code's fire provisions; projects typically require panels that are tested and approved for the specific use, for example classified to EN 13501-1 or approved to FM 4880 / 4881. Approval requirements change and differ by authority, so the current rules of the authority having jurisdiction must be checked for each project.
Sandwich panels are produced in many plants across the GCC, and are widely used for logistics warehouses, factories, cold chains for food and the region's many temporary and modular buildings. In the Gulf climate, white or light-coloured outer skins, good joint sealing and attention to condensation in cold stores matter as much as the core thickness.
| Region | Standard | What it covers |
|---|---|---|
| Europe | EN 14509 CEN-CENELEC |
Self-supporting double skin metal faced insulating panels — factory made products — specifications (CE marking) |
| Europe | EN 13501-1 CEN-CENELEC |
Fire classification of construction products — reaction to fire (classes A1 to F, with smoke and droplet ratings) |
| Europe | EN 13501-2 CEN-CENELEC |
Fire classification — fire resistance (E, EI ratings) of panels used in fire walls |
| USA | FM 4880 / FM 4881 | FM Approvals standards for fire performance of insulated wall and ceiling panels, and exterior wall systems |
| Europe | EN 10169 CEN-CENELEC |
Pre-painted (coil coated) steel for the panel skins |
Grade equivalents and the standards bodies: Steel grades & standards
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