Sells Scrap, Grinding Balls, Pig Iron
Buys Scrap, Grinding Balls, Pig Iron
Buys Scrap, Grinding Balls, Pig Iron
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Grinding balls are hard steel or cast-iron balls that tumble inside rotating ball mills and crush ore, clinker, coal or other material to powder. They wear away as they work, so mines, cement plants and power stations buy them continuously by the tonne, and their hardness and toughness decide the cost of every tonne ground.
In a ball mill the charge of balls is lifted by the rotating shell and falls back onto the ore, breaking it by impact and by grinding between the balls. Large balls of 80–125 mm do the coarse breaking in the first chamber or in semi-autogenous (SAG) mills; smaller balls and cylinders (cylpebs) do the fine grinding. The balls wear and break and are topped up continuously, so the consumption of media — grams of steel per tonne of ore or per kWh — is a major operating cost of a mine or cement plant.
Forged and rolled steel balls are made from high-carbon or manganese-chromium steel bar, hot formed and quenched to a hard surface and tough core; they resist breakage under the heavy impacts of large mills and wet mining duty. Cast balls are poured into moulds: high-chromium white cast iron balls are very hard and wear slowly in dry cement and coal grinding, while low- and medium-chrome balls are cheaper with lower performance.
The right medium depends on the mill: wet grinding of abrasive and corrosive ore favours forged steel; dry grinding in cement mills favours high-chrome cast balls. Buyers compare media by wear rate in their own mills, and a breakage test (the drop-ball test) checks that balls will not shatter in service.
The GCC's cement industry is a large user of grinding media, together with mining operations in Saudi Arabia and Oman. Most media are imported, largely from China and India.
There is no widely used international standard for grinding media; balls are bought to makers' specifications and to buyers' own wear and breakage tests, with the Chinese standards below often quoted in trade.
| Region | Standard | What it covers |
|---|---|---|
| China | GB/T 17445 SAC |
Cast grinding balls — chromium alloy white cast iron and ductile iron balls for drum mills |
| China | YB/T 091 | Forged and rolled steel balls for grinding (Chinese metallurgical industry standard) |
Grade equivalents and the standards bodies: Steel grades & standards
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