A composite plate in which a thick backing of carbon or low-alloy steel carries the load and a thin, permanently bonded layer of corrosion-resistant alloy — stainless steel, nickel alloy, copper alloy, titanium or zirconium — faces the process. Clad plate gives the corrosion resistance of the expensive alloy at a fraction of the cost of solid alloy plate, and is a standard material for pressure vessels, columns and heat exchangers in oil, gas, petrochemical and desalination plants.
Clad plate is made by two main processes. In roll bonding, the alloy and the backing steel are cleaned, assembled into a sealed pack and hot rolled together on a plate mill, which welds them metallurgically across the whole interface; this is economical for large quantities and wide plates with stainless or nickel-alloy cladding. In explosion bonding, a controlled explosive charge drives the cladding sheet onto the backing at high speed, forming a wavy, cold weld; it can join almost any pair of metals — including titanium, zirconium and tantalum, which cannot be roll bonded to steel — and suits thick backings and smaller quantities.
Weld overlay, in which corrosion-resistant alloy is deposited on the steel by welding, is a third route for heads, nozzles and smaller parts, and clad plate itself is joined by welding the backing and then overlaying the joint on the alloy side.
The cladding is chosen for the process fluid — 316L or duplex stainless for many petrochemical services, Alloy 625 or 825 for sour gas and chlorides, Monel 400 or copper-nickel for seawater, titanium for the most aggressive chloride and seawater service — and the backing is a pressure-vessel steel such as ASTM A516 Gr.70 or EN 10028 P355NL1. Design and fabrication follow ASME VIII or EN 13445; the plate standards set requirements for bond shear strength and ultrasonic testing of the interface.
The GCC's oil and gas, refining, petrochemical, fertiliser and desalination industries are major users of clad plate and clad pipe. The material is supplied by a limited number of specialised cladders in Europe, the USA, Japan, China, Korea and India and is usually ordered for a specific project.
A clad plate is described as total thickness and the two components, for example '25 + 3 mm SA-516 Gr.70 + SA-240 316L', followed by the bond standard and the testing required.
| Region | Standard | What it covers |
|---|---|---|
| USA | ASTM A263 ASTM |
Stainless chromium steel-clad plate |
| USA | ASTM A264 ASTM |
Stainless chromium-nickel steel-clad plate |
| USA | ASTM A265 ASTM |
Nickel and nickel-base alloy-clad steel plate |
| USA | ASTM B898 ASTM |
Reactive and refractory metal clad plate (titanium, zirconium, tantalum and others) |
| USA | ASME SA-264 ASME |
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section II adoption of ASTM A264 (also SA-263, SA-265) |
| USA | ASME BPVC Section VIII ASME |
Rules for construction of pressure vessels, including design with clad plate |
| Europe | EN 13445 CEN-CENELEC |
Unfired pressure vessels — design, materials and fabrication |
| Japan | JIS G3601 JSA |
Stainless-clad steels |
Grade equivalents and the standards bodies: Steel grades & standards
Steel Mills - Agents & Traders · Stockist - Distributor · Fabrication · Other Steel Users · Dubai
No open offers or inquiries for this product right now.
Translation isn’t available right now. The site is shown in English.
Loading translation…
