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The process fluids and lubricants a steel plant and its customers run on: rolling oils and emulsions that let strip be cold rolled, rust-preventive oils that protect coils and sheets in storage, and the hydraulic oils, gear oils and greases that keep mills, cranes and presses working under heavy load, heat and water.
Cold rolling depends on lubrication between the strip and the rolls. Carbon steel tandem mills use oil-in-water emulsions of mineral or vegetable-based rolling oils, sprayed on at each stand to cool the rolls and reduce friction; stainless and silicon steel mills often use neat (straight) low-viscosity rolling oils. The oil has to give good reduction and surface finish and then burn off cleanly in annealing without leaving stains.
Rust-preventive oils are applied on the coil coater or the end of a processing line so that cold-rolled, galvanized, pickled and oiled steel reaches the customer without corrosion. They are thin films chosen to protect for weeks or months, to be compatible with the customer's pressing, welding and painting, and to wash off easily. In the Gulf's humidity and coastal air, the oiling and packing of coil are part of its specification.
The machinery itself runs on industrial lubricants. Hydraulic oils are classified by ISO viscosity grade — ISO VG 46 is the most common — and by performance type (HM or HLP anti-wear, HV for wide temperature range); near furnaces and casters fire-resistant fluids (water-glycol HFC or synthetic HFD) are used. Gearboxes of rolling mills and cranes use extreme-pressure gear oils of ISO VG 220–680, and bearings in hot, wet mill stands need water-resistant greases. Oil cleanliness, tracked by the ISO 4406 code, decides the life of hydraulic servo valves.
In the GCC lubricants are blended locally by international and national oil companies from regional base oils, and specialist rolling oils, rust preventives and process fluids are supplied by industrial lubricant companies that also monitor the mills' oil condition.
| Region | Standard | What it covers |
|---|---|---|
| International | ISO 3448 ISO |
Industrial liquid lubricants — ISO viscosity classification (ISO VG) |
| International | ISO 6743 ISO |
Lubricants, industrial oils and related products — classification by application family (multi-part) |
| International | ISO 11158 ISO |
Lubricants — family H (hydraulic systems) — specifications for HH, HL, HM, HV and HG fluids |
| Germany | DIN 51524-2 DIN |
Hydraulic oils — HLP anti-wear hydraulic oils |
| International | ISO 12925-1 ISO |
Lubricants — family C (gears) — enclosed gear oils, CKB to CKT |
| Germany | DIN 51517-3 DIN |
Lubricants — lubricating oils CLP (extreme-pressure gear oils) |
| International | ISO 12922 ISO |
Lubricants — family H — fire-resistant hydraulic fluids (HFAE, HFC, HFDR …) |
| International | ISO 4406 ISO |
Hydraulic fluid power — code for the level of contamination by solid particles |
| USA | ASTM D1748 ASTM |
Rust protection by metal preservatives in the humidity cabinet |
| USA | ASTM D665 ASTM |
Rust-preventing characteristics of inhibited mineral oil in the presence of water |
Grade equivalents and the standards bodies: Steel grades & standards
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